Presentation album documenting the Tudor Revival design work of the prominent Wisconsin architectural firm Brust & Philipp, primarily for the planned community of Kohler Village. The album consists of hundreds...
Presentation album documenting the Tudor Revival design work of the prominent Wisconsin architectural firm Brust & Philipp, primarily for the planned community of Kohler Village.
The album consists of hundreds of crisp, uniform photographs—as well as a handful of richly printed cyanotypes—showcasing major 1920s-era projects by Wisconsin architecture firm Brust & Philipp. The bulk of the album is devoted to Kohler Village, a model company town built for the manufacturing company of the same name. The town is designed to evoke a picturesque English village and incorporates principles of the Garden City model of planning popular in the early 20th century.
The album includes views of dozens of buildings at Kohler Village, including half-timbered workers' residences, the stately Kohler Company Factory Complex, and the Tudor Revival-style American Club—a community center and dormitory for single, immigrant employees that today operates as a luxury spa and resort. Also pictured is the Riverbend Estate, constructed in 1923 for company president and then-Governor of Wisconsin William J. Kohler Sr.. Three of these buildings are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places: The Riverbend Estate, the Kohler Company Factory Complex, and the American Club.
The album also contains images of various Peter J. Brust projects throughout Wisconsin, including municipal buildings, churches, and the opulent Milwaukee-area mansions of both industrialist Louis Allis and ice cream magnate William Luick.
Located outside of Sheboygan, WI, Kohler Village was a company town built in the early 1900s to provide housing for the employees of the nearby Kohler Company Factory and their family members. The Village incorporates principles of the Garden City Movement, a town planning model established by English urbanist Ebenezer Howard that combines industrial, agricultural, civic and residential zones into self-contained communities.
Workers' residences are situated within walking distance of both the Kohler Company Factory and a downtown area that arrays shops, recreation halls, parks, and schools. Public programming provided by the company—including concerts and sports leagues—aims to foster a sense of community among the employees. Anchoring the Village was the American Club, a community center and dormitory for single, immigrant employees that also hosted English language and American citizenship classes.
Company towns like Kohler Village are often cited as examples of the corporate paternalism that characterized the era. By providing welfare services for workers and their families—and by providing the conditions for their social and private lives—company towns reinforced employee loyalty and discouraged unionization. The Village has been the site of several major protests in United States labor history. In 1934, Village workers went on strike to demand the right to unionize and fight for a reduction in mortgages in light of their decreasing pay. The protest turned violent when police opened fire on a group of strikers and supporters, killing two and wounding 47. In 1954, Company President Herbert V. Kohler Sr. replaced striking workers with non-union labor, setting off six years of sporadic violence. In 1960, the National Labor Relations Board decided against the Kohler Company and forced the company to reinstate the workers.
Peter J. Brust (1869–1946) and Richard Philipp (1874–1959) formed their partnership in 1906. By the 1920s, it had become the largest architectural firm in the state of Wisconsin.